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Martin Leo Arons (February 15, 1860 - October 10, 1919) was a German physicist and social democratic politician. He was the namesake of the ''Lex Arons'', a law which disallowed members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany ((ドイツ語:Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands), SPD) to teach at Prussian universities. == Life and work == Leo Arons came from a wealthy Jewish banking family in Berlin. His parents were Albert Arons (1826-1897), a partner in the prestigious private banking house ''Gebrüder Arons'', and Clara Goldschmidt (1837-1867). In 1887 Leo Arons married Johanna Bleichröder (1861-1938), a daughter of the banker Julius Bleichröder (1828-1907). Arons' brother, the banker Paul Arons (1861-1932), married Johanna's sister Gertrude (1865-1917) a few years later. After taking his ''Abitur'', Leo Arons studied chemistry and physics, earning a doctorate degree in Strasbourg in 1888. As a scientist he worked in the area of experimental physics. He developed the mercury vapor lamp (also called "Arons' tube"), which was later marketed by AEG as "Dr. Arons' mercury vapor lamp". In 1890 he became a ''Privatdozent'' at the ''Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin'' (now Humboldt University of Berlin). A year later he became the First Assistant in the Physics department, but resigned from this position in 1893. After that, he again worked as a ''Privatdozent''. Via the land reform movement Arons came into contact with the SPD, which he joined in the early 1890s after some hesitation. As a member of the bourgeoisie he had particular reservations about the class struggle advocated by the party. The party's commitment to achieve its goals through legal means facilitated his entry. He subsequently wrote several articles for the party press. Within the party, he was on the reformists' side. He demanded the SPD's participation in the Prussian state elections and became an expert on the Prussian three-class franchise system. Since the 1890s he also attempted to unite middle-class social reformers and social democrats by organizing regular informal meetings, the ''Schmalzstullenclub'' ("Lard Bread Club"). He was a leading participant in the organization of the SPD's campaign for the general election of 1903. The press sometimes referred to him as the "Chief of Staff of the party for the election campaign." From 1904 to 1914 Arons was a member of the Berlin City Council. His candidacy for the post of alderman failed, however. Besides the party Arons also supported free trade unions and the building association "Ideal", founded in 1907. Arons financed the first union hall in Berlin from his own assets, and small apartments for workers in conjunction with Ideal. From 1908, he increasingly withdrew from political life due to health reasons. He was a representative in the Berlin district of Neukölln, where the ''Aronsstraße'' was named after him in 1973 (called ''Leo-Arons-Straße'' from 1926 and 1934, and ''Sackführerdamm'' from 1934 to 1973). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leo Arons」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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